Bluetooth

 

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a wireless technology that lets devices like phones, tablets, and headphones connect to each other and share information without needing cables. Bluetooth simply follows the principle of transmitting and receiving data using radio waves. It can be paired with the other device which has also Bluetooth but it should be within the estimated communication range to connect. When two devices start to share data, they form a network called piconet which can further accommodate more than five devices.



Key Features of Bluet
ooth

  • The transmission capacity of Bluetooth is 720 kbps.
  • Bluetooth is a wireless technology.
  • Bluetooth is a Low-cost and short-distance radio communications standard.
  • Bluetooth is robust and flexible.
  • The basic architecture unit of Bluetooth is a piconet

 




Architecture of Bluetooth

The architecture of Bluetooth defines two types of networks:

Piconet

Piconet is a type of Bluetooth network that contains one primary node called the master node and seven active secondary nodes called slave nodes. Thus, we can say that there is a total of 8 active nodes which are present at a distance of 10 meters. The communication between the primary and secondary nodes can be one-to-one or one-to-many. Possible communication is only between the master and slave; Slave-slave communication is not possible. It also ha

s 255 parked nodes, these are secondary nodes and cannot take participation in communication unless it gets converted to the active state.



Scatternet

It is formed by using various piconets. A slave that is present in one piconet can act as master or we can say primary in another piconet. This kind of node can receive a message from a master in one piconet and deliver the message to its slave in the other piconet where it is acting as a master. This type of node is referred to as a bridge node. A station cannot be mastered in two piconets.



Bluetooth Protocol Stack

  • Radio (RF) Layer: It specifies the details of the air interface, including frequency, the use of frequency hopping and transmit power. It performs modulation/demodulation of the data into RF signals. It defines the physical characteristics of Bluetooth transceivers. It defines two types of physical links: connection-less and connection-oriented.  
  • Baseband Link Layer: The baseband is the digital engine of a Bluetooth system and is equivalent to the MAC sublayer in LANs.  It performs the connection establishment within a piconet, addressing, packet format, timing and power control. 
  • Link Manager Protocol Layer: It performs the management of the already established links which includes authentication and encryption processes. It is responsible for creating the links, monitoring their health, and terminating them gracefully upon command or failure. 
  • Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP) Protocol Layer: It is also known as the heart of the Bluetooth protocol stack. It allows the communication between upper and lower layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack. It packages the data packets received from upper layers into the form expected by lower layers. It also performs segmentation and multiplexing. 
  • Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) Layer: It is short for Service Discovery Protocol. It allows discovering the services available on another Bluetooth-enabled device.  
  • RF Comm Layer: It is a cabal replacement protocol. It is short for Radio Frontend Component. It provides a serial interface with WAP and OBEX. It also provides emulation of serial ports over the logical link control and adaption protocol(L2CAP). The protocol is based on the ETSI standard TS 07.10.
  • OBEX: It is short for Object Exchange. It is a communication protocol to exchange objects between 2 devices. 
  • WAP: It is short for Wireless Access Protocol. It is used for internet access. 
  • TCS: It is short for Telephony Control Protocol. It provides telephony service. The basic function of this layer is call control (setup & release) and group management for the gateway serving multiple devices.
  • Application Layer: It enables the user to interact with the application.



Prepared By 
                   YADHISIVAN S R (22USC049)
                    III-Bsc Computer Science
                    SRMVCAS(Unaided)


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